Tuesday, May 26, 2020

The Effectiveness of Using Graphic Novel Essay - 1785 Words

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY English is a very important language as it is used frequently at international level as a means for people from different countries to communicate with one another . However, English significance as a communication tool has grown and expand not just as an international language but also used as the language in international relations, and in exchanging knowledge and technology. In the early phase, English hd been spread internationally through colonization, migration and settlement, but as the years passed, English quickly gained a high prestige in cultural, scientific, technological and other fields that contributed to English becoming global (Leitner, 1992). Nowadays, it is generally acknowledged that†¦show more content†¦Initially, the subjects taught in schools that could adopt the Malay language as a medium of instruction without difficulty were the first affected by the conversion process (Asmah ,1982).Subjects such as physical education, art and craft, local studies and music were the first few subjects that were instructed to be taught Malay language in English-medium schools. However, the Ministry of Education was forced to make a drastic change in the education system due to severe race riot that occurred on 13 May 1969. In July 1969, the Minister of Education at that time Dato Haji Abdul Rahman Ya’akub, declared that beginning from January 1970, English-medium schools would be phased out in Malaysia and by 1985 all former English-medium (‘national-type’) schools would become Malay-medium (‘national’) schools. This decision later reinforced in the Third Malaysia Plan (1976-1980) that states Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) is the basis for national integration, but the plan also states that measures will be taken to ensure that English is taught as a strong second language (Government of Malaysia, 1976, p. 386). The reasons given for the maintenance of English was to keep abreast of s cientific and technological developments in the world and to participate meaningfully in international trade and commerce (Government of Malaysia,Show MoreRelatedPoint Of View In Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1498 Words   |  6 Pagesmany elements that contribute to the effectiveness of a piece of writing. One element in particular that adds to how effective a piece of writing can be is point of view, which can determine what the reader knows and understands, and how the information given is interpreted. As a result, point of view contributes to character development and the emotional impact of a piece of writing. Marjane Satrapi utilizes the impact that point of view has in her graphic novel Persepolis. The story, which is writtenRead MorePlot and Literary Style Must Interact in an Effective Way838 Words   |  4 PagesTrilogy† by Paul Auster are novels in which the literary style used enhances the plot of the story. Similarly, the storyline justifies the reasons behind the use of that author’s particular style. Saramago’s style of writing reinforces the plot because it represents and explains the events and psychological struggles endured by each individual in the novel. In Blindness, the narrator does not reveal the characters’ names, but treats them in a more impersonal way by using physical attributes, relationshipsRead More Effective Literacy Strategies for English Language Learners 2648 Words   |  11 Pagesand Paquette also described the benefits of using movement and drama in the content areas of science, math and social studies. Movement can be incorporated in a science curriculum by acting out the various processes being studied or by going on â€Å"I spy† walks. In Math, concepts can be taught kinesthetically such as using their body to measure, using rhythms to teach patterns or using songs to reinforce basic concepts. Next, the specific technique of using music to support the literacy of ELLs wasRead MoreMedia Violence And The Effect It Has On Actual Behavior1500 Words   |  6 Pagesviolence adolescence have also reacted in different ways to real-life violence where there was a study that one group of children listened taxi drivers on the radio and predicted the ending of a newspaper story children who listened to the taxi driver using aggressive behaviour ended up predicting the end of the story with much more violence to driver than the children who listened to the taxi driver displaying no aggressive behaviour at all (Drabman and Thomas 1974, 418). It’s believed that exposureRead MoreDifferences Between The Film And Novel For The Hobbit2127 Words   |  9 Pages Earlier this week, I turned in the fourth and final draft for an argumentative essay about the difference between the film and novel for The Hobbit. There were chapters in the book that we could argue on, but we didn’t get to choose our topic, it was chosen through the color of the graphic organizer passed out. The color I received was green, â€Å"Queer Lodgings,† which I was nervous and irritated at since I had the least amount of information on the chapter between the other choices, to be honestRead More The Role of Art vs. the Role of Science Essay example1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Art vs. the Role of Science â€Å"art upsets [and] science reassures.† - Georges Braque Before beginning, it is important to clarify that the quote is referring to shock as causing anger or upset. In using reassuring, Georges Braque is referring to comforting. That said, this statement by Braque is true to a point, because the statement also works in reverse. Throughout the history of man, art has been a method for communication, and in the process it has alternativelyRead More Humor In Advertising Essay1950 Words   |  8 Pages Humor helps in the promotion of products. Thatfs why much money is invested into it, using brand names and recognized people as an integral part of the ads, to make people to get to the product. Incase of humorous ads because people purchase products knowing therefs a good brand name attached to it. Everybody loves to get to what is mostly known. In short, creating funny advertising isnft hard, but using humor to effectively sell products is a different story altogether. Jeep! AttentionRead MoreFeminist And A Work Of The Sublime3894 Words   |  16 Pagesabout Kathy Acker who was known as a punk feminist who dared to cross the line between writing about living in a patriarchal society and becoming a patriarchal writer herself. Acker is known for her novels such as Blood and Guts in High School and her retelling of George Bataille’s My Mother to the last novel that was a retelling of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. A common divide among the critics of Acker is whether she was a true postmodern feminist writer or if she failed to achieve postmodernRead MoreInstrumentation in Mathematics8559 Words   |  35 PagesClassifying Angles 71 Naming Angles and Vertices 72 Naming Relationships of Angles 73 Finding Measures of Angles 74 Angle Measure 75 Drawing Angles 76 Points in an Angle 77 Find the missing angle measurement using the angle addition postulate 78 Find the missing angle measurement in each set of complementary angles 79 Find the missing angle measurement in each set of supplementary angles 80 Find the missing vertical angles 81 Read MoreInstrumentation in Mathematics8575 Words   |  35 PagesClassifying Angles 71 Naming Angles and Vertices 72 Naming Relationships of Angles 73 Finding Measures of Angles 74 Angle Measure 75 Drawing Angles 76 Points in an Angle 77 Find the missing angle measurement using the angle addition postulate 78 Find the missing angle measurement in each set of complementary angles 79 Find the missing angle measurement in each set of supplementary angles 80 Find the missing vertical angles 81

Friday, May 15, 2020

Organizational and Corporation Management - 761 Words

Organizational management has become more and more important to the corporation management. Meanwhile, the leadership is an important part of organizational management, which can influence to its quality of management. In this essay, we will discuss which behaviour and awareness that a business leader to own, and the snare that they should to avoid in China. We will discuss some behaviour we expect of business leaders can have. Leaders are those who hope that the relationship between the leaders and those who choose to follow. How to become a successful leader will dependent to build good human relationships and that is the use of those workers ability (Kouzes, J. M. Posner, B. Z., 2003). We can find five good behaviours that is becoming a successful business leader. Firstly, leaders need inspire a shared vision, which means leaders need talk to others your personal values and listening others expect to shared values. Alan Keith said, leaders need open their heart and talk to other workers him personal values and really think, of course, leaders must know other workers expect to do successfully. Secondly, challenge the process is a necessary ability for business leaders (Kouzes, J. M. Posner, B. Z., 2003). Leaders need to understand clearly, innovation and change are involved in the experiment, and failure risk, and they also pay attention to their constituents to challenging situations, the ability to control and become completely determined to change. Thirdly, theShow MoreRelatedBoeing Corporation: Human Resources Management and Organizational Behavior Challenges5661 Words   |  23 PagesA study on Boeing Corporation’s Human Resources Management and Organisational Behaviour challenges TABLE OF CONTENTS Aim†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Company overview i) Company’s background, mission statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 ii) Objectives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 iii) Boeing airbus market share†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 News volumes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Aircraft deliveries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 Organisational design Read MoreThe Theory Of Organizational Learning And Performance Management Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction With the changing economic climate and the notion of a global market, corporations all over the world grapple with the idea of management learning as it relates to performance management in an effort to remain competitive. Hall and Rowland’s article explores these ideas in great detail that are rooted in a fifteen-year research project. I will analyze their research problem, purpose of the study, research question, method of research, significance of the study and its global implicationsRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pagesmultinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academy of Organizational behavior management. Issue 4 (January-March 2013) (65 - 78). The primary purpose of this study according to Aleksic (2013) was to assess the role of organizational changeRead MoreWalmart Management and Leadership Analysis Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesWal-Mart Management and Leadership Analysis XXXXXXXXXXX Organizational Behavior and Group Dynamics/Mgt 330 November 11, 2009 Ronald Sprague Wal-Mart Management and Leadership Analysis Wal-Mart is arguably the most dynamic corporation in the last 50 years in the United States, if not the world. Arising from its beginnings in Bentonville, Arkansas, it has grown to over 4,400 discount stores, super centers and corner markets worldwide. Wal-Mart continues to expand despite publicRead MoreReengineering the Corporation1547 Words   |  7 PagesReengineering the Corporation Reengineering the Corporation In the book â€Å"Reengineering the Corporation†, Hammer and Champy create a new frame of managerial relations and organizational bureaucracy. The authors address such important problems as impact of technology on business environment, new labor relations and organizational structures affected a modern corporation. The book consists of 13 chapters and an Epilogue discussing different problems and issue of modern organizational bureaucracyRead MoreManagement And The Many Factors Of Management Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I am writing this term paper to get a better understanding of management and the many factors of management. People and businesses have come a long way since the beginning of time. Technology is always evolving and becoming more effective and efficient in many ways that we live our lives. What was once an idea or a thought on lined paper, becomes reality in just a matter of seconds. Also, the way that we communicate and interact with one another is evolving faster than we have ever imaginedRead MoreOrganizational Culture Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Schein, a famous theorists dealing with organizational culture, provides the following definition for the term: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems that has worked well enough to be considered valid and is passed on to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (organizationalculture101) However, organizational culture is more than sharing assumptions used by a group to solve problems;Read MoreFunctional Area Plan: Human Resources1435 Words   |  6 PagesFunctional area Plan: Human Resources Member of Managing Mugs Human Resources Manager Composition The roles of Human Resources (HR) professionals are changing. HR managers were previously viewed as the patrolling unit of executive management. Yaduvanshi (n.d.) says that â€Å"their role was associated with personnel and administration functions that organization viewed as paperwork. In this role, the HR professional served executive agendas well, but was frequently viewed as a road-block by theRead MorePerceived Institutional Ethical Behavior Of Us Based Multinational Corporations And Its Relationship With Organizational Longevity Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesmultinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academy of Organizational behavior management. Issue 4 (January-March 2013) (65 - 78). The primary purpose of this study according to Aleksic (2013) was to assess the role of organizational changeRead MoreGeneral Motors ( Gm )1495 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Motors (GM) is a leading corporation in the automotive industry. GM claims that they are committed to distributing vehicles that are economic, offer compelling designs, high quality, reliability, and safety for their consumers (General Motors, n.d.). However, evidence displays that needed organizational and cultural changes continue to occur within the GM Corporation to successfully offer such commitment (Samilton, 2014). It is arguable that a faulty ignition switch and recall had a large

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

My Family As A Whole - 999 Words

I can not accurately describe myself without describing my family as a whole. I come from a close knit family of parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents to which I am the only girl. That has provided me with many strengths as well as some weaknesses. My family has always included more than just blood relatives. We have had the mentality that if you are here you are family. For the most part that has been a great way of life, however there have been times that it has proven to be challenging. All of it however has shaped me into the person that I am at this point. Growing up surrounded by all men has enabled me to be many things. I am always up for a challenge, I do not like to lose and I tend to think more logically about things. I find that people seek me out for advice and I am able to give sound, logical advice fairly easily. My family has been very protective of me yet will challenge me to be better and step outside of my comfort zone to achieve something. I have learned to be inclusive rather than exclusive in dealing with people. We have often had â€Å"family† that is not truly related to us. When I was in first grade I became best friends with a girl named Jessica. The first time Jessica came to stay the night with us her mom dropped her off for the weekend. We later found out that Jessica’s mom was a single mom and had just found out she had breast cancer. Jessica stayed during her moms surgery and recovery, all the while she was treated as if sheShow MoreRelatedFamily : Family With Family Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Interview Family Therapy is a great way to open up and really get concerns and issues out in the open with families. The assignment was to have a non-clinical family interview, it was not like a therapy session, but it gave great insight of have a family session could go, it was a great experience. It allowed me to be the interviewer and ask questions about a family. It was a really interesting assignment. It consisted of selecting a family, asking questions, observing, and forming my thoughtsRead MoreFamily and the General Systems Theory1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe word family can be defined in many ways. When I think of the word family, I think of two or more individuals who are sometimes related by blood or through a strong bond of unconditional love, as well as, a shared experience, values, responsibilities, the law, even related through a community. Different families view themselves in different ways. They have different roles, have certain boundaries or rules, communicate and solve p roblems in a different way, and can adjust to change differentlyRead MoreHelping Children to Know the Importance of Family Essays698 Words   |  3 PagesIt is essential to integrate the importance of family into my child. He needs to know that friends will come and go, but family is the one constant he will have in his life. As a parent, I believe that is my job to foster the bond between siblings, as well as parent and child. I use many ways to help my child realize that family is very important. This understanding will remain with him as he grows up, marry, and embark on parenthood himself. My first method is very simple and very effectiveRead MoreBook Review : Quinceanera 1682 Words   |  7 Pagesyoung women’s family, because it’s almost as important as a wedding. It takes month of planing, but I only had under a month to get everything ready. Having less than a month felt like i was a little ant roaming everything, since everything had to be rush. Everything was formal as if i was planning everything based of a princess movie like Cinderella when they were having the ball. It seemed like i was trying on about hundreds of ball gown dresses the first week. There was two things my mom, and I arguedRead MoreMy Family : My Dad867 Words   |  4 Pages My family isnt perfect. We argue, we fight, we even stop talking to each other at times, but in the end my family is my family. The love will always be there. Me and my family have always had our ups and downs. Even though we all struggle, I’ll always need them in my life. It took a while to rea lize that. Growing up in my house and neighborhood was hard. My mom has six kids, including me. My mom is a very strong and powerful minded woman. She inspires me so much. She got to where sheRead MoreFamily Is Important For Our Lives1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe word family is very important as they are the supporting pillars in our lives. Thus family is defined as a group of individuals who share ties of blood, marriage, or adoption; a group residing together and consisting of parents, children, and other relatives by blood or marriage; a group of individuals residing together who have consented to an arrangement similar to ties of blood or marriage. www.yourdictionary.com. 2010). Family is important as it helps in shaping our lives, teaches us selfRead MoreMarriage Sop867 Words   |  4 PagesSubject: Detailing Relationship of me MR.SAURABHKUMAR SURESHKUMAR PATEL and my wife MRS. ANKITABEN SAURABHKUMAR PATEL. First of all, I would like to introduce, myself Saurabhkumar S. Patel, I have done Bachelor of Pharmacy from Pune University. I am very happy that I am going to peruse master in Health Service Management and Planning from University of Technology, Sydney. In my family, my father Mr. Sureshbhai Kantilal Patel and my mother Mrs. Chandrikaben Sureshbhai Patel, both are businessmen and runningRead MoreWhat Is The Personality Of A Gold?899 Words   |  4 Pagesswing I’ve been determined to do everything I can for my team. Last weekend during one of our games I got cleated in the knee bad enough to cause bruising and swelling in the joint. The only problem, we had two subs and more games to play that day. Knowing there was no one to take my place I continued to play through the pain. Now, this was not the smartest idea I’ve had but it shows my will to be push through my problems and be dependable for my team. The desire to be dependable is one of the manyRead MoreBasic Famil y Systems Theory1529 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: BASIC FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY AND MICROSKILLS Basic Family Systems Theory and Microskills Used by the Helper Basic Family Systems Theory and Microskills Used by the Helper In terms of a system, the meaning is a consistent arrangement of things connected to form unity or to operate as a whole. These systems are dated back in origins to the 1950’s and 1960’s. In this theory we must understand an individual’s family and how it works for that family daily in the community, neighborhoodRead MoreThe English Phonetic Of My Chinese Name1624 Words   |  7 PagesLi Luqian. The English phonetic of my Chinese name, and the answer to the hated question of what my Chinese name is. This is also the name that I never liked when I was younger, associating it with the mundanity of Chinese school and the part of my heritage that was a constant reminder that I was neither Chinese or American. At that time, it did not matter that my name meant brilliant red jade, indicating that I would be strong and elegant. Instead, I preferred my English name Sophia, for wisdom. Sophia

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Economics Book Capitalism

Question: Discuss about theEconomicsfor Book Capitalism. Answer: Introduction Paul Bowles is a professor and founding chair in Economics in University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC). He is a graduate from London School of Economics and did his Masters from Sussex. He taught at Bristol, Southampton and Sussex before moving to Canada. He is also associated with universities in China and Mexico apart from Canada. His research interests lies in globalization, capitalism and development; especially in the political development of economy in China, global monetary system and development of regional Asia. Paul published his book Capitalism for the first time in 2007. He again introduced another edition of this book in 2012. The name of the book itself throws light on the issue that has been discussed in the book. The essence of the book is a take on the idea and history of capitalism since the time Columbus discovered America. It is an unparalleled concept that is tangled with the economic systems of the world since the beginning of time. Capitalism refers to the state of the economy where the trade, industry and other economic factors are controlled by private owners of capitals, called capitalists, for their own profit, rather than by the state. Paul says in his book that, since fall of the Soviet Union, the world economy has become dominated by capitalists but till today the concept is not widely understood (Bowles). The book focuses on the concept of capitalism, both as economic system and ideology. It addresses the issues, such as, the fundamental, static features of capitalism, the reasons for variations of the idea in different places and different times; whether it improves peoples lives; global capitalism, and whether it is a natural and free system or it is unfair and unbalanced. The author also uses the insights of great thinkers and economists, such as, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, John Maynard Kynes, Milton Friedman, John Locke, James Tobin and Francis Fukuyama. The author concludes with arguments that the concepts of global capitalism have stumbled and it is leading to a recession in the economy. The book is divided into two parts; first is Analysis and Assessment and second is documents. The author has given a basic outline of the book. He has mentioned it as an historical abstract system and it has requirements and dynamics. He also mentions the ways to look at capitalism and those are: Abstractly to recognize defining features Normatively to judge strengths and weaknesses Historically to observe the variations over time and place. The author first discusses, as per several economists, various characteristics of capitalism, as a system where production takes place with the help of private property and ownership, markets exist and the profit generated is private and primary driving force of the economy (Hawken, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins). However, he also mentions that fascist countries are not always capitalist; and private property is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to be classified as a capitalist country. The author also says that market is an important part of the economy and it is a historical process. In the capitalist system, the labour market was a very essential part. The concept of labour class in a capitalist system was created at that time. The profit motive was legal and it explains the dynamism of the system (Esping-Andersen). Bowles captures the evolution of capitalist system overtime by the following ways: Dominant activity: merchant to industrial to financial capitalism. Markets nature: competitive to monopoly capitalism Ownership of firms: owner to managerial Social and technological regulation: mass to flexible production Culture and technology: mass production to consumerist late capitalism. Next, Paul Bowles analyzes the normative arguments for and against the idea of capitalism. He mentions the theories of Karl Marx and Adam Smith. He has found that their theories differ in a significant way due to the gap of the time-period when those were written (Berlin). In chapter 2, Bowles writes about the arguments of the supporters of capitalism, who thinks it is a natural and free system. In chapter 3, he writes the arguments against capitalism, which say it is unjust and unstable (Schumpeter). In the rest of the chapters, his takes on capitalism was historical. He analyzes how features and impacts of capitalism changed over time and how the meaning was different in different places and societies (Prasch). He shows that the growth and recession of capitalism was different in eighteenth century than in nineteenth century. Even the effects were significantly different in Europe and USA (Jones). He cites examples from the neoliberalism theories of Francis Fukuyama, Milton Friedman, Keynes to establish his analysis. Lastly, the author focuses on the term global capitalism. In the era of liberalization and globalization, nations got integrated. Trade and capital mobility increased. Globalization is often referred to as global capitalism. Now in every country, production takes place to earn revenue and incur profit; there are markets for each type of goods and services and those are populated by private firms; labour markets are populated by workers; and in most countries, maximum share of capital is privately owned. A country may not be capitalist itself, but when it is taking part in the global economy, then, it also acts as a capitalist (Bakker and Rachel). Finally, the author compares globalization with regionalism. In the modern century, globalization is capitalism. According to the critics, global capitalism deepens the idea of injustice and instability and that holds true for particular regions too (Piketty and L. J.). Author identified major regional blocks in Europe, United States and East Asia. After the formation of EU, the trade had increased for Europe. USA is fundamentally capitalist country. East Asia consists mainly China, who is the global leader of manufacturing. From various other sources, author cited that these regions are also following the capitalist characteristics. The capital is private, markets for goods and services and labor, profit-making motive, all indicates capitalism (Schneider). Hence, it can be said that, Paul Bowles gave a thorough discussion on the features of capitalism over time and space and its validity in the modern economy. References: Bakker, Isabella, and Rachel Silvey, eds.Beyond states and markets: The challenges of social reproduction. Routledge, 2012. Berlin, Isaiah.Karl Marx. Princeton University Press, 2013. Bowles, Paul.Capitalism. Routledge, 2014. Esping-Andersen, Gosta.The three worlds of welfare capitalism. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Hawken, Paul, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins.Natural capitalism: The next industrial revolution. Routledge, 2013. Jones, Daniel Stedman.Masters of the universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the birth of neoliberal politics. Princeton University Press, 2014. Piketty, Thomas, and L. J. Ganser. "Capital in the twenty-first century." (2014). Prasch, Robert E. "Aristotle, Adam Smith and Karl Marx: On some fundamental issues in 21st century political economy." (2013): 679-682. Schneider, Gerald. "Peace through globalization and capitalism? Prospects of two liberal propositions."Journal of Peace Research51.2 (2014): 173-183. Schumpeter, Joseph A.Capitalism, socialism and democracy. Routledge, 2013.